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	<title>Simon Žekar - unix, communications, stupidities &#187; freebsd</title>
	<atom:link href="http://simon.zekar.com/tag/freebsd/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://simon.zekar.com</link>
	<description>"Unix is simple, but it takes a genious to understand the simplicity" --Dennis Ritchie</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:13:24 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<item>
		<title>syncing FreeBSD server with NTP is simpler than you may think</title>
		<link>http://simon.zekar.com/2011/03/25/syncing-freebsd-server-with-the-ntp-clock/</link>
		<comments>http://simon.zekar.com/2011/03/25/syncing-freebsd-server-with-the-ntp-clock/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Mar 2011 20:55:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>sIMON</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[general bluez]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ntp]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://simon.zekar.com/?p=157</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[After setting up a config file for the NTP on every server, i figured out that a stock settings just work. so adding: ntpd_enable="YES" ntpdate_enable="YES" to the /etc/rc.conf just does the trick (and starting services if not rebooting the server). After some moments of running the ntp client you can check it with: # ntpq [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After setting up a config file for the <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html">NTP on every server</a>, i figured out that a stock settings just work.</p>
<p>so adding:</p>
<p><code>ntpd_enable="YES"<br />
ntpdate_enable="YES"</code></p>
<p>to the /etc/rc.conf just does the trick (and starting services if not rebooting the server).</p>
<p>After some moments of running the ntp client you can check it with:</p>
<p><code># ntpq -c peers<br />
    remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter<br />
==============================================================================<br />
*ntp2.Housing.Be 128.32.206.55    2 u   16   64  377  189.371  -14.785   5.513<br />
mighty.poclabs. 169.229.70.64    3 u   28   64  377  132.913  -14.411   5.034<br />
+vps1.cobryce.co 64.235.98.66     3 u   16   64  377  180.600  -22.410   5.258</code></p>
<p>where servers marked with * are the selected server and + are the candidates for ntp sync.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>FreeBSD and shared iLo 2 port on HP servers</title>
		<link>http://simon.zekar.com/2010/04/24/freebsd-and-shared-ilo-2-port-on-hp-servers/</link>
		<comments>http://simon.zekar.com/2010/04/24/freebsd-and-shared-ilo-2-port-on-hp-servers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Apr 2010 22:10:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>sIMON</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[general bluez]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ilo]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://simon.zekar.com/?p=147</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In order for HP iLo 2 management interface to continue working on a shared ethernet port after FreeBSD kernel loads the bge drivers, you must add following line to /boot/loader.conf hw.bge.allow_asf="1" And reboot. Hope it will save you some minutes figuring it out&#8230; S.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In order for <a href="http://h18000.www1.hp.com/products/servers/management/remotemgmt.html">HP iLo 2 management interface</a> to continue working on a shared ethernet port after <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a> kernel loads the bge drivers, you must add following line to /boot/loader.conf</p>
<p><code>hw.bge.allow_asf="1"</code></p>
<p>And reboot.</p>
<p>Hope it will save you some minutes figuring it out&#8230;</p>
<p>S.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>FreeBSD massive port forwarding</title>
		<link>http://simon.zekar.com/2009/02/07/freebsd-massive-port-forwarding/</link>
		<comments>http://simon.zekar.com/2009/02/07/freebsd-massive-port-forwarding/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Feb 2009 20:15:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>sIMON</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[general bluez]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forwarding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[port]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://simon.zekar.com/?p=68</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Portfwd was the choice of software when I ever needed to forward a port from the server to another server &#8211; multiple hops away (not NAT port mapping). It uses configuration like this (193.2.1.66 is the local ip, 193.2.1.80 is destination server IP): bind-address 193.2.1.66 tcp { 55443 { =&#62; 193.2.1.80:443 } } tcp { [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://portfwd.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank">Portfwd</a> was the choice of software when I ever needed to forward a port from the server to another server &#8211; multiple hops away (not NAT port mapping).</p>
<p>It uses configuration like this (193.2.1.66 is the local ip, 193.2.1.80 is destination server IP):</p>
<p><code>bind-address 193.2.1.66<br />
tcp { 55443 { =&gt; 193.2.1.80:443 } }<br />
tcp { 55022 { =&gt; 193.2.1.80:22 } }</code></p>
<p>But it fails doing its job right when you use this on a really busy port/service (500 or more simultaneous established TCP connections).</p>
<p><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/faq/pf/" target="_blank">pf</a> does the forwarding well even over 1000 TCP connections. Example:</p>
<p><code>rdr on em0 proto tcp from any to 193.2.1.66 port 55443 -&gt; 193.2.1.80 port 443<br />
rdr on em0 proto tcp from any to 193.2.1.66 port 55022 -&gt; 193.2.1.80 port 22<br />
nat on em0 from any to 193.2.1.80 -&gt; 193.2.1.66</code></p>
<p>- the em0 is the name of the outside interface. Without the nat rule, destination server would see a packet with source ip of the client so it would send a packet back directly to the client which causes asymmetric routing and very possible problems. The nat rule changes the source IP to the port forwarders one.</p>
<p>Happy forwarding,<br />
S.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>understanding freebsd memory usage</title>
		<link>http://simon.zekar.com/2009/01/30/understanding-freebsd-memory-usage/</link>
		<comments>http://simon.zekar.com/2009/01/30/understanding-freebsd-memory-usage/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2009 20:07:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>sIMON</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[general bluez]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[memory]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://simon.zekar.com/?p=61</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I think it is better to write in english, since I&#8217;m often googling around about some problem and land on a site in chinese with some configuration pasted in the site. The problem is I don&#8217;t know what poor chinese boy wrote: &#8220;This configuration is working for me:&#8221; or &#8220;This configuration is not working at [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think it is better to write in english, since I&#8217;m often googling around about some problem and land on a site in chinese with some configuration pasted in the site.</p>
<p>The problem is I don&#8217;t know what poor chinese boy wrote: &#8220;This configuration is working for me:&#8221; or &#8220;This configuration is not working at all, can someone help me:&#8221;. So I try it. Never worked.</p>
<p>Recently I found a <a href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/2005-February/075925.html" target="_blank">post</a> which nicely describes statuses of FreeBSD memory allocation.</p>
<p>Top shows:</p>
<p><code>Mem: 4589M Active, 13G Inact, 489M Wired, 733M Cache, 214M Buf, 886M Free</code></p>
<p>And the snip from the post:</p>
<p>Memory normally moves along the following path:</p>
<p>Wired -&gt; Active -&gt; Inactive -&gt; Cached -&gt; Free</p>
<p>and then when it gets allocated and used it moves back to Wired.</p>
<p>The difference between the categories is mainly that &#8220;Inactive&#8221; and<br />
&#8220;Cached&#8221; memory still contains data that the system might be able to<br />
reuse, while &#8220;Free&#8221; memory is completely free and unused.<br />
In order to use Cached or Inactive memory it might need to be flushed<br />
first, with Inactive probably being dirty and Cached probably not.<br />
(&#8220;Active&#8221; memory is almost certainly dirty and is therefore somewhat<br />
more expensive to reuse.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>samouničenje FreeBSD-ja</title>
		<link>http://simon.zekar.com/2009/01/30/freebsd-self-destruct/</link>
		<comments>http://simon.zekar.com/2009/01/30/freebsd-self-destruct/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2009 19:44:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>sIMON</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[general bluez]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[destruct]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://simon.zekar.com/?p=59</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ker je jutri srečanje blogerjev, jaz pa že skoraj pol leta nisem nič napisal, imam slabo vest in pišem&#8230; Po svetu imam kar nekaj strežnikov in pride čas, da strežnik zamenjam za novega, ob tem pa nočem da podatki pridejo v roke &#8220;nasledniku&#8221; strežnika. Poleg varnega brisanja datotek sem si vedno želel pognati kakšen destruktiven [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ker je jutri <a href="http://www.tamara.si/2009/01/29/v-soboto-se-vidimo/" target="_blank">srečanje blogerjev</a>, jaz pa že skoraj pol leta nisem nič napisal, imam slabo vest in pišem&#8230;</p>
<p>Po svetu imam kar nekaj strežnikov in pride čas, da strežnik zamenjam za novega, ob tem pa nočem da podatki pridejo v roke &#8220;nasledniku&#8221; strežnika. Poleg <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/srm" target="_blank">varnega brisanja datotek</a> sem si vedno želel pognati kakšen destruktiven ukaz, ki bi strežnik zares pokončal.</p>
<p>Takoj pride ideja, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dd_(Unix)" target="_blank">dd</a> !! Vendar je FreeBSD malo zaščitniški glede pisanja po raw diskih:</p>
<p><code>[root@dolfi ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0<br />
dd: /dev/da0: Operation not permitted</code></p>
<p>Rešitev se skriva v sysctl zastavici. Hvala, <a href="http://default.co.yu/default/" target="_blank">bc</a> !</p>
<p><code>[root@dolfi ~]# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16</code></p>
<p>po spremembi zastavice, bo dd deloval. Uničujoče. Poskusite v službi.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>FreeBSD mount_smbfs .nsmbrc</title>
		<link>http://simon.zekar.com/2008/08/28/freebsd-mount_smbfs-nsmbrc/</link>
		<comments>http://simon.zekar.com/2008/08/28/freebsd-mount_smbfs-nsmbrc/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2008 20:39:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>sIMON</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[general bluez]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mount]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[smbfs]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://simon.zekar.com/2008/08/28/freebsd-mount_smbfs-nsmbrc/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tale je za v arhiv, ker naslednjič bom vedel, da sem stvar že rešil, ampak ne kako&#8230; Torej za avtomatski mount windows share-a iz /etc/fstab je konfiguracija sledeča&#8230; /etc/fstab: //BACKUP_USER@BACKUP_SERVER/BACKUP_SHARE /back/ar4 smbfs rw,-N 0 0 ~/.nsmbrc: [default] workgroup=WORKGROUP [BACKUP_SERVER] addr=10.10.10.10 [BACKUP_SERVER:BACKUP_USER] password=geslo]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tale je za v arhiv, ker naslednjič bom vedel, da sem stvar že rešil, ampak ne kako&#8230;</p>
<p>Torej za avtomatski mount windows share-a iz /etc/fstab je konfiguracija sledeča&#8230;<br />
<code>/etc/fstab:<br />
//BACKUP_USER@BACKUP_SERVER/BACKUP_SHARE	/back/ar4	smbfs	rw,-N		0	0</code></p>
<p><code>~/.nsmbrc:<br />
[default]<br />
workgroup=WORKGROUP<br />
[BACKUP_SERVER]<br />
addr=10.10.10.10<br />
[BACKUP_SERVER:BACKUP_USER]<br />
password=geslo<br />
</code></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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